Measuring tidal deformations at Europa’s surface

Key information on Europa’s interior can be gained by monitoring tidally-induced surface deformations from orbiting and landed spacecraft. Such observations would provide constraints on the thickness and rheology of Europa’s ice and liquid water layer, being thus an important tool to characterize basic physical properties of the satellite’s putative subsurface water ocean. Focusing on the outer ice-I layer we will present relations between the interior of Europa and key tidal parameters that can be retrieved from an instrument suite monitoring tidally-induced changes of local gravity, tilt, latitude and strain at the surface. A most promising approach would involve laser altimetry and gravitational field observations from an orbiting spacecraft combined with monitoring of tidally-induced gravity and tilt changes at the surface. However, tidal measurements at the surface may be significantly impeded by instrumental drift, instrument coupling to the surface, local sources of noise and the presumably short life-time of the instruments due to the harsh radiation environment.     

双锋角钻头钻削碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料研究

采用双锋角钻头和普通麻花钻对T700碳纤维复合材料(CFRP)进行钻削试验,从钻削轴向力、制孔出口质量和表面粗糙度等方面分析双锋角钻头在不同加工参数下制孔特点,并与普通麻花钻进行对比。试验结果表明:与普通麻花钻对比,双锋角钻头钻削CFRP时钻削轴向力减小约20%,制孔出口质量更好,孔壁的表面粗糙度值减小,体现优异的切削性能更适合CFRP的制孔加工。     

An Adaptive Network-based Fuzzy Inference System for the detection of thermal and TEC anomalies around the time of the Varzeghan,Iran, (Mw = 6.4) earthquake of 11 August 2012

Anomaly detection is extremely important for forecasting the date, location and magnitude of an impending earthquake. In this paper, an Adaptive Network-based Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) has been proposed to detect the thermal and Total Electron Content (TEC) anomalies around the time of the Varzeghan, Iran, (M_w = 6.4) earthquake jolted in 11 August 2012 NW Iran. ANFIS is the famous hybrid neuro-fuzzy network for modeling the non-linear complex systems. In this study, also the detected thermal and TEC anomalies using the proposed method are compared to the results dealing with the observed anomalies by applying the classical and intelligent methods including Interquartile, Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA), Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) methods. The duration of the dataset which is comprised from Aqua-MODIS Land Surface Temperature (LST) night-time snapshot images and also Global Ionospheric Maps (GIM), is 62 days. It can be shown that, if the difference between the predicted value using the ANFIS method and the observed value, exceeds the pre-defined threshold value, then the observed precursor value in the absence of non seismic effective parameters could be regarded as precursory anomaly. For two precursors of LST and TEC, the ANFIS method shows very good agreement with the other implemented classical and intelligent methods and this indicates that ANFIS is capable of detecting earthquake anomalies. The applied methods detected anomalous occurrences 1 and 2 days before the earthquake. This paper indicates that the detection of the thermal and TEC anomalies derive their credibility from the overall efficiencies and potentialities of the five integrated methods.     

Fronts and thermohaline structure of the Brazil–Malvinas Confluence System

Fronts and thermohaline structure of the Brazil–Malvinas Confluence System (BMCS) are studied from climatic data, “Marathon Exp. Leg.8, 1984” data, and Sea surface temperature (SST) data base “ds277-Reynolds” (1981–2000). The South Atlantic Central Water (SACW) is divided in two main types: tropical (TW) and subtropical water (ST). Water masses, Fronts, Inter-Frontal and Frontal Zones are analysed and classified: (a) the water masses: Tropical Low-Salinity Water, Tropical Surface Water, Tropical Tropospheric Water, Subtropical Low-Salinity Water, Subtropical Surface Water, Subtropical Tropospheric Water. T,S characteristics of intermediate, deep and bottom water defined by different authors are confirmed and completed; (b) the Inter-Frontal Zones: Tropical/Brazil Current Zone, Subtropical Zone and Subantarctic Zone; (c) the Frontal Zones: Subtropical, Subantarctic and Polar, and (d) the Fronts: Subtropical Front of the Brazil Current, Principal Subtropical Front, North Subtropical Front, Subtropical Surface Front, South Subtropical Front, Subantarctic Surface Front, Subantarctic Front and Polar Front. Several stable T–S relationships are found below the friction layer and at the Fronts. The maximum gradient of the oceanographic characteristics occurs at the Brazil Current Front, which can be any of the subtropical Fronts, depending on season. Minimum mean depth of the pycnocline coincides with the Fronts of the BMCS, indicating the paths of low-salinity shelf waters into the open ocean. In the work it is shown how to recover the horizontal and vertical thermohaline structure of waters from satellite data RSMAS SST.     

SiCp增强体表面改性对铁基复合材料组织性能的影响

为了改善粉末冶金方法制得的SiCp/Fe复合材料性能，采用化学镀的方法，成功地在SiCp表面沉积镍，考察了颗粒表面改性对铁基复合材料组织性能的影响。结果表明，镀镍层的作用明显：第一，阻碍了SiCp/Fe界面的过度反应以及Si原子向基体中的扩散；第二，镀镍层的存在改善了颗粒与基体的界面状况，使得颗粒能够更好地发挥增强体的作用。     

添加镍粉和二硼化锆防静电涂层的对比研究

对添加镍粉和二硼化锆涂层的导电性进行了对比试验，讨论了添加型防静电涂层的防静电机理。试验结果表明：添加型防静电涂层导电通路的形成是导电粒子的直接接触和隧道效应综合作用的结果。文中还推导了计算涂层中导电粒子间距的近似公式。     

碳纳米管表面修饰的研究进展

回顾了碳纳米管表面修饰的理论与实验方法,详细介绍了碳纳米管表面修饰的新方法和最新研究进展,并对碳纳米管表面修饰技术给出了简要评价。     

面阵CCD摄像机用于测量中分辨率问题的讨论

讨论了由面阵ＣＣＤ摄像机，图像卡和计算机组成的非接触测量系统中测量分辨率的问题，分析了限制测量分辨的一些因素，并提出了提高测量分辨率的若干建议。     

铝合金构件的原位快速表面处理方法研究

着重探讨了在外场操作条件下，对航空铝材进行原位、快速表面处理的几种方法以及不同表面处理对粘接效果的影响。结果表明：对受损的通用航空铝合金(LY12-CZ)表面，采用自行研制的酸膏进行氧化处理，能造就具有一定特征形貌的铝合金表面氧化层，从而使粘接强度提高76．0％，并可实现对构件表面的快速、原位处理，能满足装备构件外场修复的基本要求。     

芳纶纤维材料低温冷却车削加工性能

芳纶纤维复合材料在传统车削加工中易出现严重起毛和高温烧蚀等缺陷。为了提高其切削性能,采用液氮作为低温冷却媒介进行车削加工试验,并对材料的干车削及低温车削试验结果进行了分析,对液氮低温车削机理进行了探讨。结果表明,随着主轴转速的增加,材料表面质量得到一定改善,特别是在1 340r/min时得到了最佳表面;在低温车削中,在各种转速条件下,材料表面质量都较好;在相同的主轴转速下,低温车削表面质量都好于干车削,且纤维起毛、高温烧蚀被有效抑制。说明降低切削温度对芳纶纤维材料车削缺陷的改善有积极作用。